Audition Schedule & Information

AUDITIONS:
Don’t Dress for Dinner
SHOW CREDITS: by Marc Camoletti Adapted by Robin Hawdon
DIRECTORS: Kathe Atwood
AUDITION DATES:
Sunday, October 8, 7-8pm and Monday, October 9, 7-8pm
TIME COMMITMENT:
Show will rehearse two to three times per week starting in October.
PERFORMANCE DATES:
6 Performances on January 12, 13, 14, and January 19, 20, 21
We are actively seeking and welcoming actors of all races, ethnicity, national origin, religion, mental and physical abilities, sexual/affectional orientation, gender and its expression.
AUDITIONS MATERIALS & REQUIREMENTS:
- Please plan to arrive at the start time and plan to stay until the end time. Arrive early for parking and paperwork.
- Readings will be available at the theater at least two weeks before auditions.
- Show will rehearse two to three times per week starting in October.
SHOW DESCRIPTION:
Bernard is planning a romantic weekend with his chic Parisian mistress in his charming converted French farmhouse, while his wife, Jacqueline, is away. He has arranged for a Cordon Bleu chef to prepare gourmet delights, and has invited his best friend, Robert, along to provide an alibi. It’s foolproof; what could possibly go wrong? Well…..suppose Robert turns up not realizing quite why he has been invited. Suppose Robert and Jacqueline are secret lovers, and consequently determined that Jacqueline will NOT leave for the weekend. Suppose the chef needs to pretend to be the mistress, and the mistress, who is unable to cook, the chef. Suppose everyone’s alibi gets confused with everyone else’s. An evening of hilarious confusion ensues as Bernard and Robert improvise at breakneck speed.
ROLES AVAILABLE & CHARACTER DESCRIPTIONS:
**ACTORS PLEASE NOTE: All roles are open to all gender identities but the character will appear as written. Ages listed are those of the characters, not necessarily the actors portraying them.
Bernard: (40-60) Jacqueline’s husband, who is a serial womanizer; he is suave and constantly trying to cover his infidelities with a myriad of lies that come back to bite him.
Jacqueline: (40-60) Bernard’s wife, both clever and passionate, she figured out Bernard long ago and is now rather playing him at his own game. Thus, her affair with Robert.
Robert: (40-60) Bernard’s hapless friend who has taken up some of his friend’s habits, such as dating married women, namely Bernard’s wife, Jacqueline.
Suzanne: (40-60) Bernard’s mistress who is mistaken for the chef. Glamorous, sophisticated, and totally undomesticated.
Suzette: (35-55) A savvy chef, who is mistaken for Bernard’s mistress and uses the situation to cash in at every turn while enjoying the food and wine.
George: (35-55) Suzette’s very imposing husband, who appears near the end of the play to pick her up from work and is not amused to find her pretending to be Bernard’s mistress.
AUDITIONS:
A Christmas Story
SHOW CREDITS: By Philip Grecian. Based on the motion picture A Christmas Story, © 1983 Turner Entertainment Co., distributed by Warner Bros., written by Jean Shepherd, Leigh Brown and Bob Clark; and on the book In God We Trust, All Others Pay Cash by Jean Shepherd.
DIRECTORS: Jeremy Woloski and Madeline Jaaskela
PRODUCER: Jeanne Foley
AUDITION DATES:
Sunday, September 10, 1-3pm and Monday, September 11, 7-9pm
TIME COMMITMENT:
Rehearsals: Sunday evenings, Tuesday evening & Thursday evenings
PERFORMANCE DATES:
December 1-2-3, 8-9-10, 15-16-17
We are actively seeking and welcoming actors of all races, ethnicity, national origin, religion, mental and physical abilities, sexual/affectional orientation, gender and its expression.
AUDITIONS MATERIALS & REQUIREMENTS:
- Please plan to arrive at the start time and you may need to stay until the end time. Arrive early for parking and paperwork.
- Audition packet includes 2 Adult and 2 Children readings
- Audition materials will be available in the drop-box outside the theater doors at least 2 weeks before the audition dates. Please only take one packet, it has everything you need.
SHOW DESCRIPTION:
A Christmas Story is a full-length holiday comedy by Philip Grecian. Based on the movie of the same name. Humorist Jean Shepherd’s memoir of growing up in the Midwest of the 1940s follows young Ralphie Parker in his quest to get a genuine Red Ryder BB gun under the tree for Christmas. Ralphie pleads his case before his mother, his teacher and even Santa Claus himself at Higbee’s Department Store. The consistent response: “You’ll shoot your eye out!” All the elements from the beloved motion picture are here, including the family’s temperamental exploding furnace; Scut Farkas, the school bully; the triple-dog-dare to lick a freezing flagpole; the Little Orphan Annie decoder pin; outrageous pink bunny pajamas; the infamous leg lamp; Ralphie’s fantasy scenarios and more.
ROLES AVAILABLE & CHARACTER DESCRIPTIONS:
**ACTORS PLEASE NOTE: All roles are open to all gender identities but the character will appear as written. Ages are those of the characters, not necessarily the actors portraying them.
Adult Roles: Ages 25-65
Ralph Parker: Ralphie’s older and wiser alter-ego—the future version of himself. Serves as the Narrator of the play. Must be a natural storyteller. He may be an adult, but when telling this story, is still a child at heart.
Mother: Ralphie’s patient mother who has firm convictions, especially that her son should not own an air rifle. She displays nothing but genuine love and concern for her family.
The Old Man: Ralphie’s beleaguered father who is grumpy, but good-hearted, with a penchant for outbursts and a deeply held desire to be a winner. He thinks he is pretty clever.
Miss Shields: Ralphie’s teacher who can be an old-fashioned curmudgeon or a more vibrant and expressive educator.
Cowboy, Delivery Man, Santa, Tree Lot Owner: (Various ages) Smaller supporting roles.
Child Roles: Ages 8-15
Ralphie Parker: Equal parts dreamer and schemer, Ralphie thinks he knows exactly how to be persuasive with adults in order to get what he wants. He needs to be able to react and show the audience what he is thinking when the adult version of him is speaking.
Randy: Ralphie’s annoyingly whiny and immature younger brother.
Flick: One of Ralphie’s best friends. Victim of the triple-dog-dare to lick a freezing flagpole, as well as bullying by Scut Farkus.
Schwartz: One of Ralphie’s best friends. A bit of a know-it-all.
Scut Farkus: Old-fashioned schoolyard bully who routinely torments Ralphie and his friends.
Esther Jane Alberry: Ralphie’s extremely shy classmate who has a crush on Ralphie but is too afraid to even talk to him.
Helen Weathers: Ralphie’s very smart classmate who is confident and a natural leader.
Ensemble: Classmates of Ralphie and his friends.
URGENT CASTING CALL:
A CHORUS LINE
Conceived and Originally Directed and Choreographed by Michael Bennett
Book by James Kirkwood & Nicholas Dante
Music by Marvin Hamlisch
Lyrics by Edward Kleban
Co-Choreographed by Bob Avian
DIRECTOR: Aidan Horrigan
SHOW DATES:
August 4, 5, 6, 11, 12, 13
CURRENT ROLES AVAILABLE & CHARACTER DESCRIPTIONS:
Mark (Supporting) – Male Identifying 18-25
Accomplished dancer who sings; boyish and likable; late teens-mid 20’s; baritone.
Ethnicity: All Ethnicities
Required Skills: Dance and Singing
If you or anyone you know is interested, please contact the director, Aidan Horrigan.
SHOW DESCRIPTION:
A Chorus Line is a stunning musical-vérité capturing the spirit and tension of seventeen dancers as they audition for spots in the chorus line of a Broadway musical. This groundbreaking, Pulitzer Prize-winning concept musical provides a glimpse into the personalities, inner lives and bittersweet ambitions of the performers and the choreographer as they describe the events that have shaped their lives and their decisions to become dancers and is based on real Broadway dancers’ stories, as told to fellow dancer and choreographer Michael Bennett. The show features one powerhouse number after another. Memorable musical numbers include “What I Did for Love, “One,” “I Can Do That,” “At the Ballet,” “The Music and the Mirror,” and “I Hope I Get It.” This brilliantly complex fusion of song, dance, and compellingly authentic drama is funny, heartbreaking, and refreshingly honest.
Pre-Register for Cabaret Auditions:
https://forms.gle/RqeRfi3JK3b4nVqV6
DIRECTED AND CHOREOGRAPHED BY NICHOLA JOHNSON
MUSIC DIRECTION BY EMILY ZORNADO
• Performances will be on October 27 + 28 at The Bradley Playhouse (30 Front St Putnam CT)
• Prepare 16 measures of a song • Prepare a 30 second monologue • Be prepared to cold read
• Be prepared to learn choreography • Auditions will last approximately 2 hours
CABARET CASTING BREAKDOWN:
• Emcee: Lead, Male, 20-50
Vocal range: middle C to high C#, tenor; the host/master of ceremonies at the Kit Kat Klub– comfortable with being close to both men and women; comedic, lovable; requires agile stage movement and dance; age range and appearance flexible, speaks with a German accent.
• Sally Bowles: Lead, Female, 20-40
Vocal range: low A to high C, soprano, strong belt; a British cabaret singer at the Kit Kat Klub, a quirky character who comes across as flighty, yet at times struggles with knowing the darkness of the reality of her life as a cabaret performer; comfortable with stage movement and light dance; speaks with a British accent.
• Clifford (Cliff) Bradshaw: Lead, Male, 25-40
Vocal range: low A to high E, tenor; an American novelist and English teacher traveling to Berlin; presented as a closeted gay man exploring his sexuality; comfortable with stage movement and light dance; speaks with an American accent.
• Fraulein Schneider: Supporting, Female, 40+
Vocal range: low D to Ab above middle C, alto; a landlady who rents rooms in her large flat; comfortable with stage movement and light dance (waltz); speaks with a German accent.
• Herr Schultz: Supporting, Male, 40+
Vocal range: low G to high F, tenor; one of Fraulein Schneider’s roomers and the proprietor of a fruit shop; comfortable with stage movement and light dance; speaks with a German accent.
• Fraulein Kost: Supporting, Female, 20-50
Vocal range: low A flat to high F, alto/mezzo; another of Fraulein Schneider’s roomers, she earns money by offering favors to sailors, commanding nature; comfortable with stage movement; speaks with a German accent.
• Ernst Ludwig: Supporting, Male, 20-59
• Character Roles/Singers: Chorus / Ensemble, 15
AUDITIONS:
A CHORUS LINE
Conceived and Originally Directed and Choreographed by Michael Bennett
Book by James Kirkwood & Nicholas Dante
Music by Marvin Hamlisch
Lyrics by Edward Kleban
Co-Choreographed by Bob Avian
DIRECTOR: Aidan Horrigan
AUDITION DATES:
Tuesday, May 9 (6:30pm-9:30pm) or Wednesday, May 10 (6:30pm-9:30pm)
SHOW DATES:
July 28, 29, 30 & August 4, 5, 6
We are actively seeking and welcome actors of all races, ethnicity, national origin, religion, mental and physical abilities, sexual/affectional orientation, gender and its expression.
AUDITIONS MATERIALS & REQUIREMENTS:
- One minute or less poem or monologue, not required to be memorized, can be read. (Comedic or Dramatic)
- One verse of a song, around 16-32 bars (please bring sheet music OR backing track on a device with headphone jack)
- Photo and resume or a list of previous theatrical experience and training is accepted but not required (theatre experience is not required to audition). Audition pictures will be taken when you arrive.
- Be prepared to learn a dance combination at auditions.
- A selection of audition sides will be available at the theater. They can be picked up anytime, 24/7, from the drop-box on the outside wall to the right of the front entrance doors to the theater. Please only take one copy of each reading that applies to each role.
Should you have specific needs or you have questions or concerns, please do not hesitate to email Director Aidan Horrigan.
SHOW DESCRIPTION:
A Chorus Line is a stunning musical-vérité capturing the spirit and tension of seventeen dancers as they audition for spots in the chorus line of a Broadway musical. This groundbreaking, Pulitzer Prize-winning concept musical provides a glimpse into the personalities, inner lives and bittersweet ambitions of the performers and the choreographer as they describe the events that have shaped their lives and their decisions to become dancers and is based on real Broadway dancers’ stories, as told to fellow dancer and choreographer Michael Bennett. The show features one powerhouse number after another. Memorable musical numbers include “What I Did for Love, “One,” “I Can Do That,” “At the Ballet,” “The Music and the Mirror,” and “I Hope I Get It.” This brilliantly complex fusion of song, dance, and compellingly authentic drama is funny, heartbreaking, and refreshingly honest.
ROLES AVAILABLE & CHARACTER DESCRIPTIONS:
All body types are welcome and encouraged to audition, but actors must be comfortable in dance attire. (Leotards, Tights, Dancebelts) Accommodations can be made to ensure actors’ comfort, but this show is based on iconic looks and characters, so changes will be limited.
Roles Available (All ages are only a range and subject to change) Some roles may be adapted to suit talent.
The ages listed in the description are the characters’ ages, not necessarily the actors’ ages.
All roles sing in ensemble portions; not all roles have solos.
Zach (Lead) – Male Identifying 25-40
Dynamic and charismatic director/choreographer of a Broadway show; 30-40; actor who moves extremely well.
Ethnicity: All Ethnicities
Required Skills: Dance and Dramatic Acting
Larry/Lari (Supporting) – Male or Female Identifying 22-30
Zach’s assistant; Confident, with an air of authority must be an accomplished dancer.
Ethnicity: All Ethnicities
Required Skills: Dance
Mike (Supporting) – Male Identifying 21-29
Accomplished dancer/tapper who sings well; athletic and masculine with a street-wise charm; mid 20s; tenor.
Ethnicity: All Ethnicities
Required Skills: Dance and Singing
Richie (Supporting) – Male Identifying 18+
Accomplished dancer who sings well; accomplished athlete turned dancer; energetic; mid 20’s; tenor.
Ethnicity: Black / African Decent
Required Skills: Dance and Singing
Paul (Lead) – Male Identifying 21-29
An accomplished actor who dances well; Hispanic; slight, sensitive with a natural grace; mid 20s-30s; tenor.
Ethnicity: Ethnically Ambiguous / Multiracial, Latino / Hispanic
Required Skills: Dance and Dramatic Acting
Mark (Supporting) – Male Identifying 18-25
Accomplished dancer who sings; boyish and likable; late teens-mid 20’s; baritone.
Ethnicity: All Ethnicities
Required Skills: Dance and Singing
Greg (Supporting) – Male Identifying 20-32
Accomplished dancer who sings; wry, intelligent with a wicked wit; mid 20s-30s; baritone.
Ethnicity: All Ethnicities
Required Skills: Dance and Singing
Bobby (Supporting) – Male Identifying 20-32
Accomplished dancer who sings; has a quirky, comedic sense but remains immensely likable; mid-late 20s; baritone.
Ethnicity: All Ethnicities
Required Skills: Dance and Singing
Al (Supporting) – Male Identifying 20-32
Accomplished dancer who sings well; tough, street-wise, from the Bronx, overtly masculine; mid-late 20s; tenor.
Ethnicity: All Ethnicities
Required Skills: Dance and Singing
Don (Supporting) – Male Identifying 20-32
Accomplished dancer who sings; cool, Midwest, All-American; mid-late 20s; baritone.
Ethnicity: All Ethnicities
Required Skills: Dance and Singing
Cassie (Lead) – Female Identifying 24-34
“Star” dancer who sings extremely well; dynamic, vulnerable actress; early-mid 30s; soprano.
Ethnicity: All Ethnicities
Required Skills: Dance, Singing, And Dramatic Acting
Sheila (Supporting) – Female Identifying 20-34
Accomplished actress who dances well; beautiful showgirl with a killer body and an even more killer wit; early 30s; alto.
Ethnicity: All Ethnicities
Required Skills: Dance, Singing, And Dramatic Acting
Val (Supporting) – Female Identifying 20-29
Accomplished dancer who sings well; smart, sassy, and immensely sure of herself and her body; mid 20s; mezzo.
Ethnicity: All Ethnicities
Required Skills: Dance, Singing, And Dramatic Acting
Diana (Lead) – Female Identifying 20-29
An accomplished dancer who sings very well; Hispanic. warm, energetic and extremely likable; mid 20s; mezzo.
Ethnicity: Ethnically Ambiguous / Multiracial, Latino / Hispanic
Required Skills: Dance, Singing, And Dramatic Acting
Judy (Supporting) – Female Identifying 20-29
Accomplished dancer who sings well; quirky and decidedly offbeat; mid-20s; soprano.
Ethnicity: All Ethnicities
Required Skills: Dance and Singing
Bebe (Supporting) – Female Identifying 20-29
Accomplished dancer who sings well; natural and unaffected; can be bit of an “ugly duckling”; mid 20s; mezzo.
Ethnicity: All Ethnicities
Required Skills: Dance and Singing
Kristine (Supporting) – Female Identifying 20-29
Accomplished dancer who sings; sings song about her not being able to sing, quirky, comedic sensibility; exhibits a nervous energy; mid 20s; alto.
Ethnicity: All Ethnicities
Required Skills: Dance and Singing
Maggie (Supporting) – Female Identifying 20-29
Accomplished dancer who sings very well; likeable girl next door; mid-20s; soprano with a solid mix-belt.
Ethnicity: All Ethnicities
Required Skills: Dance and Singing
Connie (Supporting) – Female Identifying 20-29
Accomplished dancer who sings; born in Chinatown, lower East Side NYC; small in stature; sings about being 4’10”; mid-late 20s; alto.
Ethnicity: Asian
Required Skills: Dance and Singing
Understudies for Female Identifying Roles (Chorus/Ensemble) “Cut Dancers”
18 to 32 years old, all ethnicities female identifying. Ensemble dancers who will understudy the female identifying roles; most will cover 3-5 roles and dance the opening number. Must sing and act also.
Understudies for Male Identifying Roles (Chorus/Ensemble) “Cut Dancers”
18 to 32 years old, all ethnicities male identifying. Ensemble dancers who will understudy the male identifying roles; most will cover 3-5 roles and dance the opening number. Must sing and act also.
Cut Dancers will dance the opening number and then be “cut”. Actors will then be utilized backstage to move mirrored set pieces and help out where needed.
“Cut Dancers” will have a bow in this production.

AUDITIONS:
THE ADDAMS FAMILY
Book by MARSHALL BRICKMAN and RICK ELICE Music and Lyrics by ANDREW LIPPA
Based on Characters Created by Charles Addams
Originally produced on Broadway by Stuart Oken, Roy Furman, Michael Leavitt, Five Cent Productions, Stephen Schuler, Decca Theatricals, Scott M. Delman, Stuart Ditsky, Terry Allen Kramer, Stephanie P. McClelland, James L. Nederlander, Eva Price, Jam Theatricals/Mary LuRoffe, Pittsburgh CLO/Gutterman-Swinsky, Vivek Tiwary/Gary Kaplan, The Weinstein Company/Clarence, LLC, Adam Zotovich/Tribe Theatricals
By Special Arrangement with Elephant Eye Theatrical
CO-DIRECTORS: Greg Brock & Kathleen Atwood
MUSIC DIRECTOR: Diane Pollard
CHOREOGRAPHERS: Kat MacInnes
AUDITION DATES:
Sunday, July 9 (7pm-9pm)
or Monday, July 10 (7pm-9pm)
PERFORMANCE DATES:
October 6, 7, 8, 13, 14, 15, 20, 21, 22
We are actively seeking and welcoming actors of all races, ethnicity, national origin, religion, mental and physical abilities, sexual/affectional orientation, gender and its expression.
AUDITIONS MATERIALS & REQUIREMENTS:
- Please plan to arrive at the start time and stay until the end time. Arrive early for parking and paperwork.
- Auditions will include music, dance and prepared reading auditions.
- Be prepared with sheet music and no more than 32 bars of song. No a cappella singing. We strongly suggest performing a number from the show, or something similar in style.
- Everyone will be expected to learn and perform a brief piece of choreography. Wearing comfortable shoes and clothing is recommended.
- A selection of audition readings will be available at the theater. They can be picked up anytime, 24/7, from the drop-box on the outside wall to the right of the front entrance doors to the theater. Please only take one copy of each reading that applies to each role.
SHOW DESCRIPTION:
Death obsessed Wednesday Addams has fallen for an ordinary young man from a normal family. As the Addams household finds out, her father, Gomez, is forced to keep the secret from his wife, Morticia. As brother Pugsley and Grandma scheme, Uncle Fester finds a love of his own. Everything will change on the night the Addams host a dinner for the boyfriend and his parents. What could possibly go wrong?
ROLES AVAILABLE & CHARACTER DESCRIPTIONS:
Please note: The ages listed in the description are the characters’ ages, not necessarily the actors’ ages.
GOMEZ ADDAMS (Male) Stage age 35-55 ; Tenor
A suave man of Spanish descent who loves his wife and children, takes great pride in his family ancestors, and revels in all it means to be an Addams. He struggles keeping his daughter’s secret from his wife, whom he adores more than death. Husband to Morticia. Great comedic timing and a strong dancer.
MORTICIA ADDAMS (Female) Stage age 35-55 ; Mezzo-Soprano /Alto Belt
Attractive, strong-willed woman – the strength of the family. Confident and sexy with a dry wit. Feels her husband is hiding something from her and will use any tactic to lure the secret out. She is the real head of the family and fears she and her daughter aren’t as close as they used to be. Dry comedic wit and a strong dancer.
WEDNESDAY ADDAMS (Female) Stage age 18-22 ; Pop Soprano/Mezzo-Soprano Belt
Wednesday has the same dry wit and sensibility of her mother. Loves a “normal” boy (Lucas) and wants to introduce his family to hers. She experiences the lovesick drama that comes with first love and when two very different families meet. She longs for the approval of her parents but isn’t afraid to show her rebellious side.
PUGSLEY ADDAMS (Male) Stage age 10-13 ; Tenor — *(an actor as young as 10, possibility of casting a girl in the part, which would still be portrayed as a boy.)*
A charming, funny, and sometimes annoying young boy who loves being tortured by his sister. Unsure of his place in the family, he wants to ensure he won’t lose his sister to her new boyfriend so he takes matters into his own hands.
UNCLE FESTER (Male) Stage age 30-50 ; Tenor
Vaudeville-style comedian, who serves as the musical’s narrator. He’s larger than life, an energetic, joyous, child-like presence. Uncle Fester is incorrigible and, except for the good nature of the family and the ignorance of the police, would ordinarily be under lock and key.
GRANDMA (Female) Stage age 102 ; Mezzo-Soprano
She is a fun, quirky and feisty old woman who often has a trick up her sleeve. Grandma often schemes with Pugsley and offers advice when needed. She’s more of an oddball than a typical, comforting grandmother figure. Comedic timing and physicality.
LURCH (Male) Stage age 25-50 ; Bass
The Addams Family butler who knows all, but says less. He speaks in moans and groans. Must have great non-verbal story-telling abilities (facial expressions, gestures, and sounds).
MAL BEINEKE (Male) Stage age 35-55 ; Tenor
Stuffy father of Lucas and exasperated husband to his rhyming Stepford wife, Alice. At one time was a follower of a grunge band, but has lost that side of himself and has become a stereotypical businessman. Looks out for his family’s future and is concerned about how they appear to the rest of the world.
ALICE BEINEKE (Female) Stage age 35-55 ; Soprano Belt
Mother of Lucas, devoted to her family putting aside her own desires. Alice is a quirky often speaking in rhymes and falls prey to the latest fads or quick fixes for her family or personal life. While dining with the Addams, she drinks a potion that causes her to let her hair down and speak the truth.
LUCAS BEINEKE (Male) Stage age 18-22 ; Tenor
Fell in love with Wednesday Addams and plans to marry her. Experiences the youthful pain and drama of young love and struggles with the differences between his family and the Addams family. Lucas is a ‘normal guy’ who’s a little dorky. Wednesday absolutely intrigues him.
ADDAMS ANCESTORS- (Male and Female) Varying Ages 13+ ; Varying Vocal Ranges
The Ancestors have a very important role in The Addams Family. As descendants of the Addams lineage from various eras and locales, they act as a backup chorus for multiple scenes and numbers. Ancestors should be talented singers, good character actors, and should be able to move well, as the ensemble will be required to dance in many songs.
THERE ARE NO CURRENT AUDITION NOTICES POSTED.
CHECK BACK ON THIS PAGE
OR CHECK OUR FACEBOOK EVENTS PAGE FOR NOTIFICATIONS.
General Audition Information:
- Please arrive a few minutes before the audition start time to complete audition paperwork (* See Below), and plan to stay for the entire duration of the audition.
- Check on this page or our Facebook for information on roles and audition material, or call the Bradley Box Office at (860) 928-7887.
- Audition materials are generally available 2-3 weeks prior to auditions at the theatre. (Located in the black box on the wall outside the front doors.)
- Actors cast in our main season productions are required to become members of TNECT.
- All auditions are held at the Bradley Playhouse unless otherwise noted.